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that have been noted between laboratory and held settings are linked to the meth- odologic challenges in a field setting, which make it harder to isolate the effects and are not due to the absence of the physiologic ef-
Some common study designs taking place in field settings are ( a ) observational/correlational (also referred to as natural field study) design, ( b) between-subjects design, and ( c) within-subjects
These types of studies can look very similar to a laboratory-based study but just occur in a field setting.
Sometimes they are used when findings from a laboratory-based study are being " confirmed" (and validated) in a field setting.
However, unlike in a laboratory setting, in a field setting, it is very difficult to control extraneous factors on different testing days ( e.g.
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